Impact of shoulder as a road safety countermeasure: A literature Review
Dampak bahu jalan sebagai penanggulangan keselamatan jalan: Tinjauan pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58330/prevenire.v2i2.151Keywords:
Impact, Road, Shoulder, Safety.Abstract
The review included 31 studies of which 14 were before-after analysis, 13 used cross-section analysis, seven case-control, a cohort analysis and a review. Some studies used more than one type of study design for analysis. Twenty seven studies were conducted in the USA, one in South Korea, France and Australia each and no studies from low or middle income countries. The evidence from these studies indicate mixed results for influence of shoulder as an intervention on crash outcome. Most studies indicate that increase in shoulder width up to 8 feet leads to reduction in crash outcomes whereas shoulder width exceeding 8ft leads to increase in crashes or no crash reduction is observed. Narrow shoulders show higher crash rates as compared to wider shoulders. Studies also report that upgradation of unpaved shoulders to stabilized or composite shoulder type also reduces crash outcomes. The results of this review suggest that shoulder implementation, increasing shoulder width up to 8ft and upgrading shoulder type may prove to be a promising countermeasure for reducing all types of road traffic crashes. However, the evidence of effectiveness of these countermeasuresmay not be replicable in other parts of the world, hence, further evaluations are needed.
Downloads
References
Abboud, N.K., Bowman, B.L., 2001. Evaluation of two-and four-foot shoulders on two-lane state routes. ITE J. 71, 34–39.
Abdel-Rahim, A., Sonnen, J., 2012. Potential Safety Effects of Lane Width and Shoulder Width on Two-Lane Rural State Highways in Idaho.
Ammari, A., Usami, D., 2017. Shoulder implementation (shoulder type). European Road Safety Decision Support System, developed by the H2020 project SafetyCube. Retrieved from www.roadsafety-dss.eu.
Bamzai, R., Lee, Y., Li, Z., 2011. Safety Impacts of Highway Shoulder Attributes in Illinois.
Barbaresso, J.C., Bair, B.O., 1983. Accident Implications of Shoulder Width on Two-Lane Roadways.
Bauer, K.M., Harwood, D.W., Hughes, W.E., Richard, K.R., 2004. Safety effects of narrow lanes and shoulder-use lanes to increase capacity of urban freeways. Transp. Res. Rec. 1897, 71–80.
Belmont, D.M., 1956. Accidents versus width of paved shoulders on California two-lane tangents-1951 and 1952. Highw. Res. Board Bull. 117, 1–16.
Blensly, R.C., Head, J.A., 1960. Statistical determination of effect of paved shoulder width on traffic accident frequency. Highw. Res. Board Bull. 240, 1–23.
Choi, J., Tay, R., Kim, S., Jeong, S., Kim, J., Heo, T.-Y., 2019. Safety Effects of Freeway Hard Shoulder Running. Appl. Sci. 9, 3614.
Dixon, K., Fitzpatrick, K., Avelar, R., 2016. Operational and Safety Trade-Offs: Reducing Freeway Lane and Shoulder Width to Permit an Additional Lane. Transp. Res. Rec. 2588, 89–97.
Galgamuwa, U., Dissanayake, S., 2017. Estimating Crash Modification Factors Using Cross-Sectional And Case-Control Methods For Rumble Strips And Paved Shoulders 2.
Gangloff, A.B., 2006. Medicalizing the Automobile: Public Health, Safety, and American Culture, 1920-1967. Stony Brook University.
Gross, F., Donnell, E.T., 2011. Case–control and cross-sectional methods for estimating crash modification factors: Comparisons from roadway lighting and lane and shoulder width safety effect studies. J. Safety Res. 42, 117–129.
Gross, F., Jovanis, P.P., 2007. Estimation of Safety Effectiveness of Changes in Shoulder Width with Case Control and Cohort Methods. Transp. Res. Rec. 2019, 237–245. https://doi.org/10.3141/2019-28
Gross, F., Jovanis, P.P., Eccles, K., 2009. Safety effectiveness of lane and shoulder width combinations on rural, two-lane, undivided roads. Transp. Res. Rec. 2103, 42–49.
Haddon, W., 1968. The changing approach to the epidemiology. Prevention, and amelioration of trauma: the transition to approaches etiologically rather than descriptively based 8.
Haddon, W.J., 1972. A Logical Framework For Categorizing Highway Safety Phenomena And Activity. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 12, 193–207.
Hallmark, S.L., Qiu, Y., Pawlovitch, M., McDonald, T.J., 2013. Assessing the safety impacts of paved shoulders. J. Transp. Saf. Secur. 5, 131–147.
Lee, J.-T., Dittberner, R., Sripathi, H., 2007. Safety impacts of freeway managed-lane strategy: Inside lane for high-occupancy vehicle use and right shoulder lane as travel lane during peak periods. Transp. Res. Rec. 2012, 113–120.
Li, Z., Kepaptsoglou, K., Lee, Y., Patel, H., Liu, Y., Kim, H.G., 2013. Safety effects of shoulder paving for rural and urban interstate, multilane, and two-lane highways. J. Transp. Eng. 139, 1010–1019.
Li, Z., Lee, S.H., Lee, Y., Zhou, B., Bamzai, R., 2011. A Methodology for Assessing Safety Impacts of Highway Shoulder Paving, in: Transportation and Development Institute Congress 2011: Integrated Transportation and Development for a Better Tomorrow. pp. 1105–1117.
MacLennan, C.A., 1988. From Accident to Crash: The Auto Industry and the Politics of Injury. Med. Anthropol. Q. 2, 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.1988.2.3.02a00040
Martin, J.L., 2001. Severity of run-off-crashes whether motorway hard shoulders are equipped with a guardrail or not, in: Traffic Safety on Three Continents: International Conference in Moscow, Russia, 19-21 September, 2001. Statens väg-och transportforskningsinstitut, p. 11.
Meuleners, L.B., Hendrie, D., Lee, A.H., 2011. Effectiveness of sealed shoulders and audible edge lines in Western Australia. Traffic Inj. Prev. 12, 201–205.
Noella, K., 2017. Change Shoulder Type. European Road Safety Decision Support System, developed by the H2020 project SafetyCube. Retrieved from www.roadsafety-dss.eu.
Ogden, K.W., 1997. The effects of paved shoulders on accidents on rural highways. Accid. Anal. Prev. 29, 353–362.
Park, J., Abdel-Aty, M., 2016. Safety effects of widening shoulders on rural multilane roads: Developing crash modification functions with multivariate adaptive regression splines. Transp. Res. Rec. 2583, 34–41.
Park, J., Abdel-Aty, M., Lee, C., 2014. Exploration and comparison of crash modification factors for multiple treatments on rural multilane roadways. Accid. Anal. Prev. 70, 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.016
Peng, Y., Geedipally, S.R., Lord, D., 2012. Effect of Roadside Features on Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Two-Lane Roads. Transp. Res. Rec. 2309, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.3141/2309-03
Rogness, R.O., Fambro, D.B., Turner, D.S., 1982. Before-after accident analysis for two shoulder upgrading alternatives. Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A & M University.
Stamatiadis, N., Pigman, J.G., Sacksteder, J., Ruff, W., Lord, D., 2009. Impact of Shoulder Width and Median Width on Safety. National Academies Press.
Staton, C., Vissoci, J., Gong, E., Toomey, N., Wafula, R., Abdelgadir, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, C., Pei, F., Zick, B., Ratliff, C.D., Rotich, C., Jadue, N., de Andrade, L., von Isenburg, M., Hocker, M., 2016. Road Traffic Injury Prevention Initiatives: A Systematic Review and Metasummary of Effectiveness in Low and Middle Income Countries. PLOS ONE 11, e0144971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144971
Usami, D., 2017. Increase shoulder width. European Road Safety Decision Support System, developed by the H2020 project SafetyCube. Retrieved from www.roadsafety-dss.eu.
World Health Organization, 2018. Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization.
Zegeer, C.V., Deacon, J.A., 1987. Effect of lane width, shoulder width, and shoulder type on highway safety. State Art Rep. 6, 1–21.
Zegeer, C.V., Deen, R.C., Mayes, J.G., 1981. The Effect of Lane and Shoulder Widths on Accident Reductions on Rural, Two-Lane Roads.
Zeng, H., Schrock, S.D., 2013. Safety Effectiveness of Various Types of Shoulders on Rural Two-Lane Roads in Winter and Non-winter Periods.
Zeng, H., Schrock, S.D., 2012. Estimation of Safety Effectiveness of Composite Shoulders on Rural Two-Lane Highways. Transp. Res. Rec. 2279, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.3141/2279-12
Zeng, H., Schrock, S.D., Mulinazzi, T.E., 2013. Evaluation of safety effectiveness of composite shoulders, wide unpaved shoulders, and wide paved shoulders in Kansas.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Digvijay Singh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
